Research progress on the influence of iodine nutritional status on biomarkers of thyroid cancer / 中华地方病学杂志

Thyroid cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in the endocrine system, and its incidence is increasing year by year. At present, the main diagnostic methods for thyroid cancer are ultrasound and thyroid puncture cytology. However, due to low sensitivity and/or specificity, it is increasingly difficult to meet the current clinical diagnostic needs. The discovery of biomarkers in thyroid cancer provides important clues for the diagnosis, pathogenesis and prognosis of the disease. As one of the essential trace elements in human body, iodine is closely related to the thyroid gland. Clarifying the relationship between iodine nutritional status and biomarkers of thyroid cancer has important practical significance for the diagnosis, pathogenesis and prognosis of thyroid cancer. Based on the research of systems biology, this article analyzes the influence of iodine nutritional status on biomarkers of thyroid cancer from four aspects of gene, transcription, protein and metabolism,

Effects of iodine excess on antioxidant capacity and blood lipid level in adult / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To study the effect of iodine excess on antioxidant capacity and blood lipid in adult.Methods:A survey was conducted in areas with different iodine nutrition levels in Shandong and Shanxi provinces to collect fasting morning urine and venous blood samples of adults. Urinary iodine, serum levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), total cholesterol (TCHO), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) and apolipoprotein B (apoB), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined. According to the median urinary iodine of the population in the investigated village, they were divided into appropriate iodine group (100-299 μg/L) and iodine excess group (≥300 μg/L) . Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the effects of iodine nutrition and other factors on oxidative stress indexes and blood lipids. Partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between iodine nutrition and oxidative stress indexes and blood lipids.Results:A total of 1 049 subjects were included, including 471 in the appropriate iodine group and 578 in the iodine excess group. The median (quartile) urinary iodine of the appropriate iodine group and the iodine excess group was 228.70 (157.02, 341.49) and 558.73 (298.06, 985.06) μg/L, respectively. The serum SOD level of the appropriate iodine group and the iodine excess group was 12.60 (10.83, 14.10) and 11.29 (9.18, 13.10) U/ml, respectively, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant ( U = 92 697.50, P < 0.001). There were statistically significant differences in serum TG, HDL-C and apoB levels between the appropriate iodine group and the iodine excess group ( U = 108 879.50, 96 613.50, 99 050.50, P < 0.05). The results of multiple linear regression showed that after excluding age, gender and body mass index (BMI), there was a negative correlation between iodine nutrition and serum SOD and HDL-C levels [standard regression coefficient ( β) = - 0.196, - 0.294, P < 0.001]. Partial correlation analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between iodine nutrition and serum SOD and HDL-C levels [correlation coefficient ( r) = - 0.16, - 0.09, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:Excessive iodine intake affects oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in human body.

Current main problems and countermeasures for prevention and control of endemic diseases in China / 中华地方病学杂志

Over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in prevention and control of endemic diseases in China through implementation of the 12th and the 13th Five-Year National Plans for Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases and the Three-Year Action Plan for Special Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases. Based on the latest monitoring data of endemic diseases and the evaluation results of the control and elimination of endemic diseases of the 13th Five-Year Plan, this paper analyzed current main problems in prevention and control of endemic diseases in China, focusing on implementation of prevention and control measures for iodine deficiency disorders, endemic fluorosis, and endemic arsenicosis, as well as the treatment and management of patients. Accordingly, corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from three aspects, including prevention and control mechanism, implementation of prevention and control measures, and scientific research, so as to provide scientific basis for the country and various regions to consolidate the achievements of prevention and control of endemic diseases and accurately implement the prevention and control measures of endemic diseases.

Epidemiological investigation and analysis of influencing factors on intelligence, movement and physical development of 2-month-old infants / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the intelligence, movement and physical development of 2-month-old infants, and to explore the influencing factors of early infant development.Methods:A total of 203 infants aged 42 days who underwent physical examination in the Department of Neonatology of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from May to December 2021 were selected as subjects. At the age of 2 months, 184 infants were followed up for their intelligence, movement and physical development. The intelligence and movement development of infants were evaluated with the intelligence development scale. Their body length, weight, and head circumference were measured, and physical development was assessed by Z-score method. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of intelligence, movement and physical development of 2-month-old infants.Results:The median mental developmental index (MDI) of 184 2-month-old infants was 101; the median psychomotor developmental index (PDI) was 89; the body length was (59.3 ± 2.0) cm, the body weight was (5.8 ± 0.6) kg, and the head circumference was (38.9 ± 1.1) cm. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of MDI were maternal delivery age and infant gestational age [odds ratio ( OR) = 0.849, 0.463, P < 0.05]; the influencing factors of PDI were maternal prenatal education and average sleep time per night during pregnancy ( OR = 0.512, 0.666, P < 0.05); the influencing factor of body mass index (BMI) was maternal iodine supplements during pregnancy ( OR = 2.858, P = 0.018); the influencing factor of length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) was maternal prenatal education during pregnancy ( OR = 0.265, P = 0.026); the influencing factors of weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) included maternal average sleep time per night, the frequency of sleeping time exceeding 12 am and the average weekly exercise duration during pregnancy ( OR = 0.277, 1.106, 0.990, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Maternal delivery age, prenatal education, sleep duration, intake of iodine supplements, exercise duration during pregnancy, and infant gestational age are factors affecting the intelligence, movement and physical development of 2-month-old infants, which should be paid attention to and measures should be taken to improve the population quality.

Mechanism of Acanthopanax senticosus injection in the treatment of ischemic stroke based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and network pharmacology / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyse the material basis and potential mechanism of Acanthopanax senticosus injection (ASI) in the treatment of ischemic stroke by combining UPLC-Q/TOF-MS and network pharmacology.Methods:The chemical composition of ASI was identified by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS. The Swiss Target Prediction, GeneCards and OMIM databases were used to predict the potential targets for the action of ASI in the treatment of ischemic stroke. The String database and Cytoscape software were used to construct protein interaction network maps, and the Omicshare platform was used to perform gene ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analysis. The DockThor platform was used for molecular docking.Results:The analysis of 53 components in ASI was firmly established and used as a basis to obtain 189 related targets of ASI for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Reverse screening showed that 25 components in ASI may be important active components in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Functional enrichment studies found that ASI may mainly regulate PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to treat ischemic stroke.Conclusion:This study preliminarily predicted the mechanism of ASI in the treatment of ischemic stroke may be related to inhibition of inflammation, antioxidant stress, promotion of angiogenesis and protection of nerve cells.

Research progress on the relationship between iodine, thyroid function and lipid metabolism / 中华地方病学杂志

Iodine is an essential component of thyroid hormone biosynthesis. It plays an important role in the growth, development, maturation and the function of organs and systems. Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that the effect of iodine on human body is bidirectional. Insufficient and excessive intake of iodine will cause adverse consequences and affect human health. At present, the research on the harm of iodine nutritional abnormalities to human health mostly focuses on morphology and function of thyroid. In fact, iodine nutritional abnormalities not only affect thyroid, but also have many adverse effects on other aspects of the body. There is evidence of a link between abnormal iodine nutrition, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease, which will lead to abnormal levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the body. This paper reviews the research progress on the relationship between iodine nutrition, thyroid function and body lipid metabolism, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the "scientific and precise" prevention and treatment of iodine deficiency disorders in China.

General situation of salt iodization and iodine nutritional status of people in major countries and regions in the world / 中华地方病学杂志

Salt iodization is the most fundamental, safe, economical and simple measure to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). About 120 countries (regions) around the world have adopted the strategy of compulsory salt iodization. Although most countries (regions) in the world have implemented the strategy of salt iodization, IDD is still an important public health problem threatening human health due to the health strategy of promoting low salt diet. In addition, there are excessive iodine intakes in some countries (regions). Therefore, scientific iodine supplement has become a public health issue of common concern all over the world. It is necessary to scientifically formulate the iodine content in salt in combination with the dietary structure of residents and the iodine level of natural environment.

Advances of the effects of maternal iodine nutrition level on neurodevelopment of offspring during pregnancy / 中华地方病学杂志

With the effective implementation of universal salt iodization measures to prevent iodine deficiency disorders, severe iodine deficiency in pregnant women has been rare. However, due to the difficulty in changing the state of iodine deficiency in natural environment and insufficient iodine intake in diet to meet the iodine nutritional needs during pregnancy, mild or moderate iodine deficiency in pregnancy still occurs frequently, and may have adverse effects on the development of nervous system of their offspring. At the same time, the effect of excessive iodine intake of pregnant women on the development of nervous system of their offspring can not be ignored. In addition, if the ability of thyroid regulation in pregnant women is out of balance that leads to thyroid dysfunction and even hormone secretion disorder, which can not meet the needs of fetal growth and development, it may also affect the nervous system function of their offspring. This paper summarizes the human population studies in recent years: the effects of maternal mild to moderate iodine deficiency, iodine excess, abnormal thyroid function and thyroid hormone treatment on neuro development of offspring, and the mechanism of corresponding animal iodine related exposure experiments, in order to provide scientific basis for "precise prevention and treatment" of iodine deficiency disorders in the future.

Serum biomarkers of differential metabolism in high iodine diet intervention population / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To explore the serum different metabolites in population of dietary intervention with high iodine.Methods:Thirty-eight healthy volunteers were recruited in Harbin Medical University, all women, aged > 20 years. Dietary intervention was carried out by eating iodine-rich food (kelp) for 11 consecutive days. The effect of intervention was evaluated through urinary iodine test. Peripheral blood was collected, the metabolic alterations associated with high iodine intake before and after intervention were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MSMS). Multivariate statistical analysis was used to screen potential biomarkers. And disturbed metabolic pathway analysis was performed.Results:The medians urinary iodine before and after intervention were 129.48 and 795.94 μg/L, respectively. A total of 20 serum biomarkers were screened and their chemical structures were identified. Glycerol phospholipid metabolic pathway, tryptophan metabolic pathway and pentose and glucuronate interconversions pathway were closely related with high iodine intake (impact value > 0.1).Conclusions:After the intervention of high iodine diet, there are obvious differential metabolites in peripheral blood, which may be used as biomarkers for evaluation of population iodine nutrition. High iodine intake has an impact on metabolic pathway of glycerol phospholipid in human body.

Clinical phenotype and gene analysis of 86 cases of 5 alpha reductase deficiency / 中华儿科杂志

Objective@#Molecular genetics and clinical phenotypic characteristics of 5 alpha reductase deficiency were analyzed.@*Methods@#The genetic results and clinical features classied as Prader grade of external genitalia of 86 children with SRD5A2 mutation seen from 2007 to 2017 at Department of Endocrinology of Beijing Children′s Hospital were analyzed, and the mutation differences in different were compared regions according to the literatures.@*Results@#Among the 86 children, 15 had were homozygous mutations, accounting for 17%, and 71 cases of compound heterozygous mutations accounted for 83%. Totally 172 alleles mutations in this series. The mutation was mainly located on exon 1 and exon 4, in which the mutation frequency of exon 1 was 23.8% (41/172), and the frequency of exon 4 mutation was 55.8% (96/172). A total of 19 mutation types of the SRD5A2 gene in this group were detected, of which 5 were new mutations (p.A228F, p.E57D, p.V124D, p.A117D, p.E197K); 65 patients had p.R227Q mutation, accounting for 76%, while 31 had p.Q6* mutation, accounting for 36%. Other rare types such as p.R246W, p.R103* and so on were also seen in the present study, there was no significant difference between north China and south China (P>0.05). The clinical phenotypes of p.R227Q variation varied, mainly in Prader 3-4, accounting for 82%, while (Prader 0-1) were less, accounting only 2%. The variation of p.Q6* was mainly manifested in Prader 3, accounting for 50%. p.R246Q mainly presented Prader 3. The variation of p.G203S appeared to have Prader 2 and Prader 4-5, accounting for 20% and 73% respectively. There was no significant difference in clinical phenotype corresponding to each protein type (P>0.05) .@*Conclusion@#Among the 86 children have identified 19 SRD5A2 mutation types, p.R227Q is a hotspot mutation in Chinese. Variations at different types may have different clinical phenotypes, while the same variations may have different clinical features. There was no significance different in the variation types between the north and the south.

Research progress of the role of long non-coding RNA in the development of thyroid cancer / 中华地方病学杂志

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), and it involved in a wide range of biological processes. In recent years, the role of lncRNA in the development and progression of tumors has been widely concerned by the field of medical with the further researches. Mounting evidence also shows that many lncRNAs have altered expression in various types of human cancer and involved in the progress of tumor by multi ways. Thyroid cancer is a complex disease of uncertain origin, and it is lack of effective diagnosis, treatment and prognosis biomarkers. Therefore, finding the association between lncRNA and thyroid cancer is very important and helpful for clarifying the pathogenesis and finding new effective biomarkers for this disease.

Research progress of the role of long non-coding RNA in the development of thyroid cancer / 中华地方病学杂志

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), and it involved in a wide range of biological processes. In recent years, the role of lncRNA in the development and progression of tumors has been widely concerned by the field of medical with the further researches. Mounting evidence also shows that many lncRNAs have altered expression in various types of human cancer and involved in the progress of tumor by multi ways. Thyroid cancer is a complex disease of uncertain origin, and it is lack of effective diagnosis, treatment and prognosis biomarkers. Therefore, finding the association between lncRNA and thyroid cancer is very important and helpful for clarifying the pathogenesis and finding new effective biomarkers for this disease.

Analysis of overseas patent registration of the classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine / 国际中医中药杂志

Through the analysis of patent jurisprudence, it is proved that the Classical Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CPTCM) belongs to the scope of "existing technology" in the Law of Patent, and has lost the foundation of obtaining patent rights. Taking Japan's CPTCM as an example, based on the analysis of the administration of CPTCM and patent applications related to CPTCM in Japan, it is proved that CPTCM can not obtain patent authorization in Japan. Through the comparison of patent in China, the United States, Europe and worldwide region, it is proved that China is still the main source of patent applications for Traditional Chinese Medicine. At the end of the article, the author puts forward the suggestion of "active protection". It is believed that we should abandon the concept of patent-only protection and improve the influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine in worldwide from the aspects of industrial development, promotion ofits application, and intellectual property protection.

Analysis of overseas patent registration of the classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine / 国际中医中药杂志

Through the analysis of patent jurisprudence, it is proved that the Classical Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CPTCM) belongs to the scope of "existing technology" in the Law of Patent, and has lost the foundation of obtaining patent rights. Taking Japan's CPTCM as an example, based on the analysis of the administration of CPTCM and patent applications related to CPTCM in Japan, it is proved that CPTCM can not obtain patent authorization in Japan. Through the comparison of patent in China, the United States, Europe and worldwide region, it is proved that China is still the main source of patent applications for Traditional Chinese Medicine. At the end of the article, the author puts forward the suggestion of "active protection". It is believed that we should abandon the concept of patent-only protection and improve the influence of Traditional Chinese Medicine in worldwide from the aspects of industrial development, promotion ofits application, and intellectual property protection.

New progress in diagnosis and treatment of 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency / 国际儿科学杂志

5α-reductase type 2 deficiency (5α-RD2)is a monogenic genetic disease with autosomal recessive inheritance.It is a common type of 46,XY disorders of sex development and is caused by deficiency of 5α-reductase type 2.Due to the complex and diverse clinical presentations and nigher overlaps with other types of 46,XY DSD,it is difficult to diagnose.Early diagnosis and treatment may improve the prognosis.In this paper,we review the literature and summarize the progress of the diagnosis and treatment of 5α-reductase type 2 deficiency,aiming to facilitate clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Status quo and prospect of metabolomics in diagnosis of thyroid cancer / 中华地方病学杂志

Metabolomics is a study for comprehensive and systematic description of all small metabolites in biological samples. Metabolomics has obvious advantages in the diagnosis of diseases through the changes of internal and external environment of endogenous metabolites. Metabolomics provides the informative clue for diagnosing malignant tumor. In recent years, studies on thyroid cancer metabolomics have found that small molecular metabolites play a guiding role in diagnosis of the disease. In this paper, the application of metabolomics in diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma will be reviewed.

Effects of apolipoprotein E deficiency on neuromyelitis model in vitro / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) deficiency on neuromyelitis optica (NMO) model of spinal cord sections induced by NMO-IgG and complement in vitro.Methods NMO-IgG was extracted from the patients with NMO,and complementary serum from healthy people.The spinal cord sections of seven days old C57BL / 6J mice with wild type (WT) or ApoE knockout (ApoE-/-) were cultured for seven days.The spinal cords of the two genotypes were randomly divided into experimental groups (NMO-ApoE-/-group,NMO-WT group) and control groups (C-AopE-/-group,C-WT group),respectively.The experimental groups were treated with NMO-IgG and complementary serum,and the control groups only with complementary serum.Then all the sections were continued incubating for 24 h before harvested.Immunofluorescence staining and modified thick tissue film immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of aquaporin 4 (AQP4),glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),ionic calcium fibronectin (IBA1),myelin basic protein (MBP) and human neurofilament protein L (NFL) respectively.The lesion score was calculated according to the areas percentage of AQP4 and GFAP deficiency in spinal cord sections.Results Compared with the respective control groups,the expressions of AQP4,GFAP,MBP and NFL were deficient in the experimental groups (The percentages of missing area in the NMO-ApoE-/-group were 83.88％ ± 5.01％,82.44％ ± 6.11％,45.02％ ± 5.11％ and 54.65％ ± 7.66％ respectively,while the percentages of missing area in the C-ApoE-/-group were 10.44％ ± 4.07％,5.73％ ±0.82％,9.12％ ±1.41％ and 5.72％ ±0.81％,t=34.143,37.269,20.300,19.051,allP ＜0.05;The percentages of missing area in the NMO-WT group were 77.74％ ± 6.75％,75.62％ ± 5.76％,37.60％ ± 4.88％ and 46.29％ ± 4.98％,while the percentages of missing area in the C-WT group were 9.31％ ± 2.97％,5.80％ ± 0.82％,9.10％ ± 1.63％,5.80％ ± 0.81％ respectively,t =27.828,35.934,16.613,24.057,all P ＜ 0.05).While IBA1 was up-regulated and the damage scores were higher in both the NMO-ApoE-/-group and the NMO-WT group.The percentages of missing area in the NMO-ApoE-/-group and the NMO-WT group showed statistically significant difference (t =2.194,2.436,3.149,2.746,all P ＜ 0.05).The expression level of IBA1 in the NMO-WT group was higher than that in the C-WT group (19.88 ± 1.11 vs 11.18 ±0.65,t =25.270,P ＜0.05),while the expression level of IBA1 in the NMO-ApoE-/-group was higher than that in the NMO-WT group (25.81 ± 1.61 vs 19.88 ± 1.11,t =9.101,P ＜0.05).The degree of deficiency or up-regulation of above-mentioned proteins was more obvious in the NMO-ApoE-/-group than that in the NMO-WT group.Conclusions NMO-IgG extracted from NMO patients can induce NMO-like damage in isolated tissue at the presence of complement.ApoE deficiency promotes the further activation of microglia,thereby aggravates the injury of astrocyte in the model of NMO.

National monitoring results in high water iodine areas in 2015 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To observe the high iodine induced thyroid goiter condition,iodine nutritional status and coverage rate of non-iodized salt in high water iodine areas.Methods The household non-iodized salt was monitored in counties (cities,regions) of high water iodine areas and high iodine diseased areas in Tianjin,Hebei,Shanxi,Jiangsu,Anhui,Shandong,Henan and Shaanxi provinces.Among the monitoring sites,where the water iodine were 150-300 μg/L or higher than 300 μg/L,50％ of the them were selected to investigate the water iodine,children urinary iodine and thyroid volume of children in high iodine counties.Results Household edible salt was monitored in 110 counties of 8 provinces,with a total of 25 597 salt samples.The number of non-iodized salt was 24 640,and the coverage rate of non-iodized salt was 96.3％.After being weighted based on the population of counties,the coverage rate of non-iodized salt was 96.9％.In all,73 survey areas include 183 663 people,64 monitoring sites (87.7％) where the water iodine level were higher or equal to 150 μg/L and the median of water iodine was 250.8 μg/L.Totally 5 991 children aged 6-12 were measured thyroid volume,the total goiter rate was 6.2％,the children thyroid goiter rate was higher than 5％ in Hebei,Shanxi,Henan,Tianjin and Shandong provinces.Totally 4 618 children were detected urinary iodine,the median urinary iodine concentration was 373.0 μg/L,and the children median urinary iodine concentration was exceeded 300 μg/L in Tianjin,Hebei,Shanxi,Jiangsu and Shandong provinces.The children urinary iodine concentration and goiter rate increased gradually with increasing of water iodine content.Conclusions The non-iodized salt coverage rate is high in high water iodine areas,most monitored areas have changed drinking water sources,but the median water iodine concentration is still higher than 150 μg/L.Children median urinary iodine concentration is higher than 300 μg/L,iodine is in a excessive status.The children total goiter rate is higher than 5％.Some countermeasures are proposed to search low iodine water,change water sources,do health education,and add other surveillance measures,such as thyroid function detection on target groups,and so on.

Analysis of key findings at high risk areas of iodine deficiency disorders in China, 2014 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To investigate the population nutritional status of iodine in areas at high risk of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in our country and provide scientific basis for development control strategy to IDD.Methods According to the national IDD surveillance protocol which was revised in 2012,township (town,street office) as a unit,seven provinces including Zhejiang,Fujian,Guangdong,Guangxi,Henan,Qinghai and Xinjiang,32 monitoring counties in high-risk areas were chosen into the survey by simple random sampling.New cretinism cases were searched,the thyroid volume was examined in children,the urinary iodine in children and pregnant woman,and the family salt iodine level was tested.Results The survey found no suspected cases and no confirmed endemic cretinism cases.The goiter rate was 1.8％ (141/7 968)and the median of urinary iodine was 163.0 μg/L in children in the 7 project provinces.In addition to the median urinary iodine of 305.1 μg/L in Henan children,the median urinary iodine in other provinces was in the 100-199 μ.g/L.The median of urinary iodine in pregnant women was 120.8 μg/L,in addition to the median urinary iodine of 234.9 μg/L in pregnant women in Henan,the median urinary iodine of pregnant women in other provinces was less than 150 μg/L.The coverage rate of iodized salt in the 7 project provinces was 80.3％ (1 577/1 963),the coverage rate of iodized salt was less than 80％ in Guangxi,Qinghai,Fujian and Zhejiang.The 176 villages in the 6 project provinces were surveyed iodized salt bought through network,except Qinghai.Sale of iodized salt from salt retail accounted for 96.3％ (737/765).Survey of the 7 provinces of 2 024 women,pregnant women found that purchased salt accounted for 87.3％(1 766/2 024).Purchased and replaced salts was accounted for 3.6％ (72/2 024) and 9.2％ (186/2 024),respectively.The survey did not found a children who had taken iodine oil,only 47.5％(487/1 026) of pregnant women in Xinjiang had taken iodine oil.Conclusions The iodine nutrition level is appropriate in children in the areas at high risk of IDD,but the iodine nutrition level in pregnant women is low.Some areas should improve the coverage rate of iodized salt and iodized salt concentration,take health education at the right moment,promote iodized salt for pregnant women,and prevent new cretinism cases.

Analysis of national surveillance results on iodized salt in non-high iodine areas in 2015 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective To study the current prevention and control status of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and learn the current situation of iodized salt consumption at household level in non-high iodine areas in 2015,this surveillance was conducted.Methods In 2015,according to National Surveillance Program on Iodine Deficiency Disorders,the surveillance was conducted at county level in 31 provinces,municipalities,autonomous regions (provinces) and Xinjiang Production and Construction corps (Xinjiang Corps).In each county city,district,banner (county),5 townships were randomly selected according to their sub-area positions of east,west,south,north and center;4 villages were randomly sampled in each chosen township;15 households were randomly selected in each chosen village.Edible salt sample was collected from each household.The iodine level in salt was determined by direct titration;the salt samples from Sichuan and other enhanced salt samples were detected by arbitration.Results There were totally 2 840 counties that reported the surveillance data.In total,849 193 salt samples were examined,including 845 906 salts determined by direct titration and 3 287 samples determined only by semi-quantitative detection.Weighted by population,the national coverage rate of iodized salt was 98.37％.At provincial level,the coverage rate of iodized salt was higher than 95％ except Tianjin,Shanghai and Shandong.At county level,2 669 counties had a coverage rate of iodized salt higher than or equal to 95％,171 counties were lower than 95％,and 31 counties were less than 80％.The national consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 94.57％ (except 11 counties in Tibet).At provincial level,the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was higher than 90％ except Shanghai (66.84％),Tianjin (79.14％),Tibet (82.09％) and Qinghai (89.22％).At county level,totally 2 633 counties had a rate of qualified iodized salt higher than 90％,and 196 counties were lower than 90％.The mean of iodine content in iodized salt was (25.37 ± 4.57) mg/kg.At provincial level,the means of iodine content in iodized salt were in the range of 23.51-28.95 mg/kg and the variable coefficient (CV) was in the range of 12.17％-27.37％,the CV was higher than 15％ in 24 provinces and Xinjiang Corps.Conclusions The coverage rate of iodized salt and the qualified iodized salt at national level are in a good condition.However,the problem of non-iodized salt is still serious in some provinces.